Does the EU sustainable finance disclosure regulation mitigate greenwashing?

This paper examines the impact of the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR) on greenwashing by equity mutual funds in the EU. We propose a unique measure called the Greenwashing Index, based on a fund's decarbonisation effort relative to its flows, to quantify the level of greenwashing. Using a difference-in-differences analysis, we find that following the enactment of the SFDR, Article 9 funds experience a lower level in their greenwashing index relative to a control group of funds. However, for Article 8 funds we do not observe any significant reduction in the level of their greenwashing index relative to the same control group. We also use a regression discontinuity design (RDD) and find that the decline in the greenwashing index is more concentrated in Article 9 than in Article 8 funds which indicates a different effect of the SFDR on greenwashing behaviour between those funds. Our findings also show that Article 9 funds decarbonise their portfolios by primarily following a portfolio tilting strategy to overweight low carbon-intensive holdings following the introduction of the SFDR.