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Cultural Complexity and Development Policy

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  • Steen Bergendorff

Abstract

Since UNESCO launched its 'The Power of Culture - Our Creative Diversity' culture has become an important ingredient in development policy. UNESCO conceptualises culture as an integrative mechanism within which people act. According to this view, development becomes possible if certain aspects of a culture can be changed, whereupon the whole of society will follow suit. Post-modern critics disagree, as they see culture as a site of contestation. In their view, any development project is doomed to fail because it is played out on a political battlefield. This article seeks to move beyond these dichotomous views to investigate how culture matters in development even as it is being contested. Culture is conceptualised as a complex system based on groups and sub-groups which interact in networks, producing cultural traits and local institutions. So, instead of creating new gender roles or introducing democracy, development policies should address the nature of local interaction and the rules upon which it is based. Depuis que l'UNESCO a lancé son rapport>>Power of Culture - Our Creative Diversity>>, la culture est devenue un ingrédient important des politiques de développement. L'UNESCO considère la culture comme un mécanisme d'intégration au sein duquel les gens agissent. Selon ce point de vue, le développement devient possible si certains aspects de la culture peuvent être modifiés, ce qui devrait entraîner des changements pour l'ensemble de la société. Les théoriciens post-modernes s'inscrivent en faux contre cette hypothèse, dans la mesure où pour eux, la culture est un terrain de contestation. Selon leur point de vue, tout projet de développement est condamné à échouer parce qu'il se joue sur les champs de bataille politiques. D'un point de vue conceptuel, toute culture est un système complexe basè sur des groupes et sous-groupes qui interagissent en réseaux produisant des caractéristiques culturelles et des institutions locales. Ainsi, au lieu de créer de nouveaux rapports entre les genres ou d'introduire la démocratie, les politiques de développement devraient s'intéresser à la nature des interactions locales et des règles sur lesquelles elles sont fondées.

Suggested Citation

  • Steen Bergendorff, 2007. "Cultural Complexity and Development Policy," The European Journal of Development Research, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 19(2), pages 195-209.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjdr:v:19:y:2007:i:2:p:195-209
    DOI: 10.1080/09578810701288974
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