Rethinking child-friendly urbanism in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a comparative neighborhood-scale study of planned and unplanned areas

This study evaluates child-friendliness at the neighborhood scale in Dhaka across two socio-spatially contrasting neighborhoods that represent planned and unplanned urban forms, using a multidimensional framework that integrates spatial and socio-perceptual indicators. While planned neighborhoods are commonly perceived as child-friendly, they often exclude middle-income families through privatized amenities. Conversely, unplanned neighborhoods, despite infrastructural deficits, offer inclusive access to amenities and foster stronger social ties, particularly benefiting lower-income families. Logistic regression analysis identifies proximity to amenities, daily recreational engagement, neighborhood safety, and social networks as key predictors of parental satisfaction with child-friendliness. These findings provide actionable insights for planners and policymakers to refine child-centered planning strategies.