Stigma, constraints and policy paralysis. Explaining local governments’ failure to deal with population decline

This practice review examines why local governments rarely develop explicit strategies to adapt to population decline, despite recognizing its consequences. Drawing on literature and field-based insights from Europe, we identify ten recurring conditions that hinder development of adaptation strategies. These conditions range from uncertainty about what an adaptation plan is, norms and stigma, temporal aspects, limited professional capacity, external pressures, goal dependency, and ‘accidental’ success. For each condition, we describe how it plays out in practice and suggest avenues for empirical inquiry. We conclude with practical reflections and guidance for planners and policy makers working in areas facing population decline.