Digital literacy as a modern necessity: Insights from developing an inclusive digital culture in Welsh communities

Traditional literacy and numeracy are no longer sufficient; people must also develop strong digital literacy skills. However, access to digital learning is often constrained by local infrastructure, support and resources, placing many individuals at risk of digital exclusion. This paper argues that fostering digitally inclusive communities is essential for developing widespread digital confidence. It draws on empirical evidence from digital skills workshops in Wales (UK) which employed a mixed-methods approach to analyse educators’ and learners’ experiences. The findings highlight the importance of embedding learning within familiar community contexts, employing flexible and scaffolded pedagogies, and tailoring programs to address local demographic disparities. Moreover, the paper emphasises the importance of integrating top-down strategies in education, leadership, collaboration, and engagement with bottom-up approaches to establish digital literacy as a foundational priority. In conclusion, the paper provides evidence-informed recommendations to nurture a digitally inclusive culture in our communities and to enhance individual digital confidence.