Community-driven ecotourism in the trans Himalayan region: A sustainable model for cultural and environmental preservation

Himalayan destinations, rich in natural and cultural wealth, are increasingly vulnerable to ecological degradation due to unregulated tourism growth. This research examines community-driven ecotourism (CDE) as a model to reconcile economic imperatives with environmental stewardship in Ladakh, a region facing rapid tourism expansion and ecological fragility. Using a qualitative case study approach, the study draws on semi-structured interviews with 22 stakeholders, including community leaders, tourism entrepreneurs, environmental experts, and hospitality managers. Thematic analysis reveals the interplay between local engagement, cultural preservation, and ecological resilience. Key findings introduce a strategic framework that supports cultural and environmental sustainability while aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8, 12, and 15. Community-managed homestays, wildlife tours, and heritage conservation emerge as key mechanisms for fostering local livelihoods and preserving heritage. However, challenges such as infrastructure deficits, capacity gaps, and insufficient policy coherence limit the broader impact of these initiatives. This study underscores the importance of local community participation in shaping resilient tourism practices and offers recommendations to bridge policy and practice. The research positions Ladakh as a model for sustainable tourism in the Himalayas, emphasizing the symbiosis between cultural identity and environmental integrity.