The Quandary of Post-Public Space: New Urbanism, Melrose Arch and the Rebuilding of Johannesburg after Apartheid

As city builders in post-apartheid Johannesburg have struggled to attach themselves to a new identity as an African 'world-class' city, they point with pride to what leading local architects and design specialists have glowingly hailed as a novel experiment with New Urbanism called Melrose Arch. With its stress on mixed-use facilities, its pedestrian-friendly streetscapes and its 'small town' atmosphere, Melrose Arch represents a real-life variant of a 'utopia in miniature', a signature place offering the type of authentic community lacking in the sprawling residential suburbs. Yet despite its outward appearance as an exemplar of New Urbanist principles, Melrose Arch actually falls far short of the philosophical ideals embodied in the Charter for New Urbanism. As a self-contained urban enclave disconnected from the surrounding cityscape and accessible only by automobile, this affluent, mixed-used precinct has reinforced the trend toward up-market, stand-alone commercial retail environments for all those who can afford it, regardless of race, ethnicity or national origin. Seen through the wide-angle lens of spatial restructuring of the greater Johannesburg metropolitan region after the end of apartheid, upscale themed entertainment sites such as Melrose Arch have contributed to the increased fragmentation of the urban landscape.