Eleftherios Venizelos, Greece and the League of Nations: Balancing Idealism and Realism in Small-State Diplomacy

This study examines Eleftherios Venizelos’ approach to the League of Nations as a reflection of the complex interplay between idealism and realism in the diplomacy of a small-state leader. Venizelos, Greece’s Prime Minister and a pivotal figure at the Paris Peace Conference, embraced the League’s principles, viewing it as a mechanism to promote both international stability and Greek national interests. The article explores Venizelos’ dual strategy of championing collective security while navigating the constraints of power politics, and reveals his pragmatic use of the League to secure international support for Greek territorial ambitions and stability. However, his vision was tempered by the League’s structural weaknesses, especially its inability to enforce decisions against major powers. The analysis extends to Venizelos’ efforts to balance regional alliances, particularly with Turkey, within the League’s framework, and his advocacy for initiatives like the Briand Plan for European integration. While the League ultimately failed to prevent World War II, this article underscores its role as a platform for small states to assert their agency and advance their objectives. Venizelos’ nuanced approach demonstrates the persistent tension between the ideals of collective security and the realities of geopolitical interests in the interwar period.