China’s Mediation Paradigm: How China’s Mediation Diplomacy Advanced Saudi-Iran Reconciliation

This study analyses China’s mediation paradigm and its contribution to fostering reconciliation between Saudi Arabia and Iran, signifying a notable mark in the Middle Eastern geopolitical environment. It aims to answer the question of how China’s principles of neutrality, non-interference, and economic incentives facilitated the mediation and reinstatement of diplomatic relations between these two regional actors. The article examines the advantages of China’s mediation diplomacy and its limitations for its engagement in the Middle East especially after changing dynamics in the region such as US’s involvement through Gaza war, Iran’s weakening influence over the region following Israel’s operations against Hamas, Hezbollah and Iran, as well as fall of Assad regime. It argues that while China’s success also depended on Saudi Arabia and Iran willingness, these two actors’ motivations are well overlapping with China’s mediation paradigm and geopolitical intentions for its engagement in the Middle East. This article offers insights into the diplomatic milestones, policy shifts, regional security implications, and provides a detailed analysis of the complications involved in mediating. The findings highlight China’s crucial role in utilizing its economic power and diplomatic skills to foster security and collaboration in the Middle East, reinforcing its evolving role as a global mediator.