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Shifting Sands: Threat Perceptions and Security Among Gulf Cooperation Council Member States

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  • Khalid Abdulaziz Al-Khulaifi

Abstract

This paper explores the impact of divergent threat perceptions on the effectiveness of the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) as a regional organization. Through a hybrid constructivist and realist framework, the study examines how GCC member states perceive threats from Iran and Israel while handling the Yemen conflict and the 2017 Gulf Crisis. The analysis reveals that these differing perceptions, rooted in historical, ideological, and geopolitical factors, have led to inconsistent policies and internal discord within the GCC, undermining its collective security objectives. The paper also discusses the implications of recent geopolitical developments, such as the Abraham Accords and shifting (United States) U.S. foreign policy, on the GCC’s cohesion and relevance. Ultimately, the study contributes to the scholarly discourse by offering new insights into the complexities of GCC cooperation and the broader challenges of maintaining stability in an increasingly polarized Middle East.

Suggested Citation

  • Khalid Abdulaziz Al-Khulaifi, 2025. "Shifting Sands: Threat Perceptions and Security Among Gulf Cooperation Council Member States," Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(6), pages 905-926, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:cjsbxx:v:27:y:2025:i:6:p:905-926
    DOI: 10.1080/19448953.2025.2481810
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