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Restorative justice and environmental conflicts in watershed areas: a comparative legal analysis of selected Southeast Asian civil law countries

Author

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  • Febry Halomoan Samosir
  • I. Gde Pantja Astawa
  • Dadang Epi Sukarsa

Abstract

This article analyses the application of restorative environmental justice in addressing watershed conflicts across four Southeast Asian civil law countries: Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia and Timor-Leste. Employing comparative legal analysis and the theory of functional equivalence, the study identifies common restorative functions within distinct legal and cultural contexts. The findings demonstrate the ways in which community participation, moral repair and ecological restoration complement formal environmental governance. The paper proposes a checklist for incorporating restorative principles into Indonesia’s legal framework, aligned with the emerging Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Environmental Rights Framework (AERF) to support inclusive, ethical and sustainable watershed management.

Suggested Citation

  • Febry Halomoan Samosir & I. Gde Pantja Astawa & Dadang Epi Sukarsa, 2026. "Restorative justice and environmental conflicts in watershed areas: a comparative legal analysis of selected Southeast Asian civil law countries," International Journal of Water Resources Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(2), pages 184-200, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:cijwxx:v:42:y:2026:i:2:p:184-200
    DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2025.2597831
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