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Carrot or stick: what motivates urban water consumption? Evidence from Southern California

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  • Maitreyee Mukherjee

Abstract

California has experienced one of the most intense and prolonged droughts in its history in the last decade, prompting the state government to undertake a series of policy responses. This paper compares the impact of the 2015 urban water-use reduction mandate with respect to pre-policy voluntary conservation efforts and post-policy water consumption trends by examining utility-level water demand dynamics of the Metropolitan Water District in Southern California. The findings overall indicate that despite voluntary measures resulting in a gradual decline in urban water-use, the introduction of the regulatory stick achieved swift reduction targets that remained even after removal of the mandatory policy.

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  • Maitreyee Mukherjee, 2023. "Carrot or stick: what motivates urban water consumption? Evidence from Southern California," International Journal of Water Resources Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(1), pages 1-25, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:cijwxx:v:39:y:2023:i:1:p:1-25
    DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2021.1969222
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