Climate change adaptation among smallholder poultry farmers in the northeast of Nigeria

Climate change poses a significant threat to global food security, with smallholder poultry farmers particularly vulnerable due to their limited adaptive capacity. This study empirically examines the socio-ecological drivers and information sources shaping climate change adaptation strategies among 240 smallholder poultry farmers in Northern Nigeria, using a multistage sampling technique and multivariate probit model. Findings indicate that farmers face erratic rainfall, rising temperatures, and extreme weather events, with perceived temperature increases and farming experience significantly influencing adaptation practices (e.g. feed modification, ventilated housing, and agroforestry). Media platforms (e.g. radio, television) were critical for disseminating adaptation knowledge, though uptake varied by strategy. By identifying barriers and enablers of adaptation, this study provides evidence-based insights for policymakers to design targeted interventions, enhance resilience, and safeguard livelihoods in climate-vulnerable agri-food systems.