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Intermarium in the current Polish foreign policy debate

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  • Alicja McGarrigle

Abstract

The Three Seas Initiative (TSI), established in 2016 by Eastern European leaders, aims to foster cooperation among countries between the Adriatic, Baltic, and Black Seas. Scholars pointed out that the main idea of the cooperation was rooted in Józef Piłsudski’s Intermarium plan, which sought regional unification along the lines of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The paper argues that Polish foreign policy debates frequently reference the Intermarium concept, highlighting Poland’s unique Slavic heritage and mission. This symbolism functions as a political myth that sacralizes and ritualizes meaning. Content and thematic analyses reveal three main discourses – Regional Hegemony, Bridge, and New Paradigm – each using the Intermarium myth differently to promote, legitimize, naturalize, or depoliticize various aspects of foreign policy.

Suggested Citation

  • Alicja McGarrigle, 2026. "Intermarium in the current Polish foreign policy debate," Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(1), pages 133-155, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:cdebxx:v:34:y:2026:i:1:p:133-155
    DOI: 10.1080/25739638.2025.2572106
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