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The health cost of industrial automation: evidence from Chinese migrant workers

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  • Min Zhang

Abstract

Effects of industrial automation on labour market have been discussed frequently, but little is known regarding its non-economic consequences. This paper examines the causal effect that industrial automation induces on the health of migrant workers. Using the national individual-level data and the prefecture-level robot application data of China, we find industrial automation in prefectures have a significantly negative effect on the health of migrant workers. Furthermore, we explore the channels through which the industrial automation could affect the health of migrant workers, namely the risk of declining labour income and entrepreneurial intention, as well as the increased probability of engaging in health unfriendly work. Notably, migrant workers old, low skilled and moved to the current city for work reasons, and migrant workers in cities with lower levels of marketisation, digital finance and trade union organisation are more affected by industrial automation. Our study underscores the importance of balancing technological progress and workers’ health in the process of economic development.

Suggested Citation

  • Min Zhang, 2026. "The health cost of industrial automation: evidence from Chinese migrant workers," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 58(32), pages 6545-6560, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:applec:v:58:y:2026:i:32:p:6545-6560
    DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2025.2522378
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