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Beyond GDP: an analysis of the socio-economic diversity of European regions

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  • Kassoum Ayouba
  • Julie Le Gallo
  • Andrés Vallone

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the socioeconomic diversity of the European Union (EU-28) regions from a dynamic perspective. For that purpose, we combine a series of exploratory space-time analysis approaches to multiple Factor Analysis (MFA) applied to a large range of indicators collected at the NUTS-2 level for the period 2000–2015 for the EU-28. First, we find that the first factor of MFA, interpreted as economic development (ECO-DEV), is spatially clustered and that a moderate convergence process is at work between European regions from 2000 to 2015. Second, when comparing these results with those obtained for Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, we show that the convergence pattern detected with GDP per capita is more pronounced: ECO-DEV adjusts slower over time compared to GDP per capita. Third, pictures provided by the remaining interesting factors, capturing educational attainment, population dynamics and employment, are very different.

Suggested Citation

  • Kassoum Ayouba & Julie Le Gallo & Andrés Vallone, 2020. "Beyond GDP: an analysis of the socio-economic diversity of European regions," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(9), pages 1010-1029, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:applec:v:52:y:2020:i:9:p:1010-1029
    DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2019.1646885
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    2. Sébastien Breau & Megan Wylie & Kevin Manaugh & Samantha Carr, 2023. "Inclusive growth, public transit infrastructure investments and neighbourhood trajectories of inequality in Montreal," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 55(8), pages 2009-2030, November.
    3. KYDROS Dimitrios & FILENTA Pagona, 2022. "Literature Review of Economic and Regional Development through Quantitative Methods and Social Network Analysis," European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Bucharest Economic Academy, issue 01, March.
    4. Vítor João Pereira Domingues Martinho, 2021. "Impact of Covid‐19 on the convergence of GDP per capita in OECD countries," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(S1), pages 55-72, November.
    5. Carlos Mendez & Felipe Santos-Marquez, 2022. "Economic and Social Disparities across Subnational Regions of South America: A Spatial Convergence Approach," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 64(4), pages 582-605, December.

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