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Information asymmetry in small and medium enterprise credit guarantee schemes: evidence from Japan

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  • Kuniyoshi Saito
  • Daisuke Tsuruta

Abstract

In this article, we investigate whether there is adverse selection and/or moral hazard in credit guarantee schemes for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Japan. As credit guarantee corporations cannot distinguish low risk from risky borrowers, credit guarantee schemes typically attract a larger proportion of risky borrowers, which results in inefficient resource allocation. Using bank-level data, we analyse whether the default rate is positively associated with the ratio of guaranteed loans to total loans, and find that the data are consistent with an adverse selection and/or moral hazard hypothesis. Further analysis shows that the relationship is stronger for 100% coverage than for 80% coverage, indicating that the ‘20% self-payment’ requirement somewhat mitigates the problem, but not enough to eliminate it altogether.

Suggested Citation

  • Kuniyoshi Saito & Daisuke Tsuruta, 2018. "Information asymmetry in small and medium enterprise credit guarantee schemes: evidence from Japan," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(22), pages 2469-2485, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:applec:v:50:y:2018:i:22:p:2469-2485
    DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2017.1400651
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Xiuwei TANG & UCHIDA Hirofumi, 2020. "Differences in the Usage of Credit Guarantees Across Banks," Discussion papers 20029, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    2. Daisuke Tsuruta, 2020. "SME policies as a barrier to growth of SMEs," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 54(4), pages 1067-1106, April.
    3. Pankaj C. Patel & Mike G. Tsionas, 2022. "Learning‐by‐lending and learning‐by‐repaying: A two‐sided learning model for defaults on Small Business Administration loans," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(4), pages 906-919, June.
    4. Natalie Cox & Ernest Liu & Daniel Morrison, 2021. "Market Power in Small Business Lending: A Two-Dimensional Bunching Approach," Working Papers 2021-27, Princeton University. Economics Department..
    5. Yang Yang & Xuezheng Chen & Jing Gu & Hamido Fujita, 2019. "Alleviating Financing Constraints of SMEs through Supply Chain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-19, January.
    6. Théo Nicolas & Stefano Ungaro & Éric Vansteenberghe, 2023. "Public-Guaranteed Loans, Bank Risk-Taking and Regulatory Capital Windfall [Prêts garantis par l'État, prise de risque bancaire et effet d'aubaine sur le capital réglementaire]," Débats économiques et financiers 41, Banque de France.
    7. Tsuruta, Daisuke, 2019. "Working capital management during the global financial crisis: Evidence from Japan," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 206-219.
    8. Tsuruta, Daisuke, 2023. "Distant lending for regional small businesses using public credit guarantee schemes: Evidence from Japan," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 60-76.
    9. Daisuke Tsuruta, 2023. "Do small businesses adjust their capital structure? Evidence from the global financial crisis in Japan," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(S1), pages 843-871, April.
    10. Bing Xu & Jingwen Yang & Sonia Dasí-Rodríguez, 2020. "Determinants of credit availability for high-tech start-ups," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 16(4), pages 1483-1501, December.
    11. Simon Boateng & Kwabena Osei Poku, 2019. "Accessing finance among women-owned small businesses: evidence from lower Manya Krobo municipality, Ghana," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 9(1), pages 1-17, December.
    12. David Mhlanga, 2021. "Financial Inclusion in Emerging Economies: The Application of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Credit Risk Assessment," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-16, July.
    13. Bing Xu & Jingwen Yang & Sonia Dasí-Rodríguez, 0. "Determinants of credit availability for high-tech start-ups," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 0, pages 1-19.
    14. TSURUTA Daisuke, 2024. "Determinants and Consequences of Bank Borrowings of Small Businesses: Is the COVID-19 crisis special?," Discussion papers 24007, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    15. TSURUTA Daisuke, 2023. "Credit Allocation and Public Credit Guarantee Schemes for Small Businesses: Evidence from Japan," Discussion papers 23083, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    16. Song, Pengcheng & Zhang, Hai & Zhao, Qin, 2021. "Innovative Credit Guarantee Schemes with equity-for-guarantee swaps," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    17. Andini, Monica & Boldrini, Michela & Ciani, Emanuele & de Blasio, Guido & D'Ignazio, Alessio & Paladini, Andrea, 2022. "Machine learning in the service of policy targeting: The case of public credit guarantees," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 434-475.
    18. Caselli, Stefano & Corbetta, Guido & Cucinelli, Doriana & Rossolini, Monica, 2021. "A survival analysis of public guaranteed loans: Does financial intermediary matter?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).

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