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Is corporate community involvement associated with poverty and income inequality? International evidence

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  • Dana Moldakulova
  • Hohyun Kim

Abstract

This study explores the relationship between economic conditions and corporate community involvement (CCI) across an international dataset of 7,926 firm-year observations from 33 countries during 2013–2019. We investigate whether and how poverty levels and income inequality within a country are associated with firms’ engagement in social welfare initiatives. Our findings suggest that firms are more active in community contributions in the presence of severe poverty and greater income inequality. Specifically, in developed countries, both factors are strongly linked to CCI, while in developing countries, CCI primarily correlates with income inequality. This research contributes to the literature by showing that firms adjust their ESG strategies based on country-specific economic conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Dana Moldakulova & Hohyun Kim, 2026. "Is corporate community involvement associated with poverty and income inequality? International evidence," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(1), pages 93-99, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:apeclt:v:33:y:2026:i:1:p:93-99
    DOI: 10.1080/13504851.2024.2363991
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