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Unveiling the Complexity in Developing Smart Cities: A Comparative Study Across Countries

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  • Julio César Guzmán Echeverría
  • Gabriela Citlalli López Torres
  • Pedro Ramiro Palos Sanchéz
  • Trinidad Marín Aguilar

Abstract

Creating Smart Cities (SC) is crucial for addressing today's global economic, social, and environmental issues. Nevertheless, a significant gap exists in comprehending the nation’s contextual routes to accomplish this, particularly in developing nations. This research analyzes Smart Cities models. A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was employed, and it revealed routes to create Smart Cities and their complex dynamics in developed and developing countries. The empirical findings of this research provided the basis of a proposed model that highlights five distinct pathways in developed nations and three in those still developing. Five contextual typologies for Smart City creation have been established in developed countries: 1) Global development and tech integration, 2) Economic growth and human capital investment, 3) Social development and governance enhancement, 4) Sustainable mobility and environmental management, and 5) Comprehensive SC vision for developed countries. In contrast, the SC contextual typologies for developing nations comprise 1) Comprehensive urban development and social inclusion, 2) Human capital development with a global view, and 3) Human capital development with tech integration. These research insights serve as essential orientations for policymakers and theorists striving to create Smart Cities.  JEL classification numbers: 021, O380.

Suggested Citation

  • Julio César Guzmán Echeverría & Gabriela Citlalli López Torres & Pedro Ramiro Palos Sanchéz & Trinidad Marín Aguilar, 2025. "Unveiling the Complexity in Developing Smart Cities: A Comparative Study Across Countries," Advances in Management and Applied Economics, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 15(6), pages 1-3.
    • Handle: RePEc:spt:admaec:v:15:y:2025:i:6:f:15_6_3
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    1. Jörg Becker & Friedrich Chasin & Michael Rosemann & Daniel Beverungen & Jennifer Priefer & Jan vom Brocke & Martin Matzner & Adela del Rio Ortega & Manuel Resinas & Flavia Santoro & Minseok Song & Kan, 2023. "City 5.0: Citizen involvement in the design of future cities," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 33(1), pages 1-21, December.
    2. María Verónica ALDERETE, 2022. "Can Small Cities From Developing Countries Be Smart Cities? The Case Of Argentina," Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, Research Centre in Public Administration and Public Services, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 17(4), pages 36-51, November.
    3. Silvia Blasi & Edoardo Gobbo & Silvia Rita Sedita, 2022. "Big Data for smart cities and citizen engagement: evidence from Twitter data analysis on Italian municipalities," Working Papers - Business wp2022_01.rdf, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Scienze per l'Economia e l'Impresa.
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