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Estimation of Soil Erosion for a Himalayan Watershed Using GIS Technique

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  • Sanjay Jain
  • Sudhir Kumar
  • Jose Varghese

Abstract

The fragile ecosystem of the Himalayas has been an increasing cause of concern to environmentalists and water resources planners. The steep slopes in the Himalayas along with depletedforest cover, as well as high seismicity have been major factors in soil erosion and sedimentation in river reaches. Prediction ofsoil erosion is a necessity if adequate provision is to be madein the design of conservation structures to offset the ill effects of sedimentation during their lifetime.In the present study, two different soil erosion models, i.e. theMorgan model and Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model, have been used to estimate soil erosion from a Himalayan watershed.Parameters required for both models were generated using remotesensing and ancillary data in GIS mode. The soil erosion estimated by Morgan model is in the order of 2200 t km -2 yr -1 and is within the limits reported for this region.The soil erosion estimated by USLE gives a higher rate. Therefore, for the present study the Morgan model gives, for area located in hilly terrain, fairly good results. Copyright Kluwer Academic Publishers 2001

Suggested Citation

  • Sanjay Jain & Sudhir Kumar & Jose Varghese, 2001. "Estimation of Soil Erosion for a Himalayan Watershed Using GIS Technique," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 15(1), pages 41-54, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:15:y:2001:i:1:p:41-54
    DOI: 10.1023/A:1012246029263
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    1. V. Chowdary & D. Ramakrishnan & Y. Srivastava & Vinu Chandran & A. Jeyaram, 2009. "Integrated Water Resource Development Plan for Sustainable Management of Mayurakshi Watershed, India using Remote Sensing and GIS," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 23(8), pages 1581-1602, June.
    2. Shan-e-hyder Soomro & Caihong Hu & Muhammad Waseem Boota & Zubair Ahmed & Liu Chengshuai & Han Zhenyue & Li Xiang & Mairaj Hyder Alias Aamir Soomro, 2022. "River Flood Susceptibility and Basin Maturity Analyzed Using a Coupled Approach of Geo-morphometric Parameters and SWAT Model," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 36(7), pages 2131-2160, May.
    3. Neeraj Pant & Rajendra Kumar Dubey & Anand Bhatt & Shive Prakash Rai & Prabhat Semwal & Sumit Mishra, 2020. "Soil erosion and flood hazard zonation using morphometric and morphotectonic parameters in Upper Alaknanda river basin," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 103(3), pages 3263-3301, September.
    4. Lele, Sharachchandra & Srinivasan, Veena, 2013. "Disaggregated economic impact analysis incorporating ecological and social trade-offs and techno-institutional context: A case from the Western Ghats of India," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 98-112.
    5. Bin Huang & Zaijian Yuan & Mingguo Zheng & Yishan Liao & Kim Loi Nguyen & Thi Hong Nguyen & Samran Sombatpanit & Dingqiang Li, 2022. "Soil and Water Conservation Techniques in Tropical and Subtropical Asia: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-19, April.
    6. Amit Kumar & Mamta Devi & Benidhar Deshmukh, 2014. "Integrated Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Based RUSLE Modelling for Estimation of Soil Loss in Western Himalaya, India," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(10), pages 3307-3317, August.
    7. Nirmal Kumar & Sudhir Kumar Singh, 2021. "Soil erosion assessment using earth observation data in a trans-boundary river basin," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 107(1), pages 1-34, May.
    8. Sumbangan Baja & Umi Nurmiaty & Samsu Arif, 2014. "GIS-Based Soil Erosion Modeling for Assessing Land Suitability in the Urban Watershed of Tallo River, South Sulawesi, Indonesia," Modern Applied Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 8(4), pages 1-50, August.
    9. Aazim Yousuf & Shakil Ahmad Romshoo, 2022. "Impact of Land System Changes and Extreme Precipitation on Peak Flood Discharge and Sediment Yield in the Upper Jhelum Basin, Kashmir Himalaya," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-18, October.
    10. Rabin Bhattarai & Dushmata Dutta, 2007. "Estimation of Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield Using GIS at Catchment Scale," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 21(10), pages 1635-1647, October.
    11. Ashish Pandey & V. Chowdary & B. Mal, 2007. "Identification of critical erosion prone areas in the small agricultural watershed using USLE, GIS and remote sensing," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 21(4), pages 729-746, April.
    12. J. Onyando & P. Kisoyan & M. Chemelil, 2005. "Estimation of Potential Soil Erosion for River Perkerra Catchment in Kenya," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 19(2), pages 133-143, April.
    13. Sumedh R. Kashiwar & Manik Chandra Kundu & Usha R. Dongarwar, 2022. "Soil erosion estimation of Bhandara region of Maharashtra, India, by integrated use of RUSLE, remote sensing, and GIS," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 110(2), pages 937-959, January.
    14. Kabir Uddin & Mir Abdul Matin & Sajana Maharjan, 2018. "Assessment of Land Cover Change and Its Impact on Changes in Soil Erosion Risk in Nepal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-20, December.
    15. Nazzareno Diodato & Gianni Tartari & Gianni Bellocchi, 2010. "Geospatial Rainfall Modelling at Eastern Nepalese Highland from Ground Environmental Data," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(11), pages 2703-2720, September.
    16. Shiksha Bastola & Sanghyup Lee & Yongchul Shin & Younghun Jung, 2020. "An Assessment of Environmental Impacts on the Ecosystem Services: Study on the Bagmati Basin of Nepal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-22, October.
    17. V. Prasannakumar & H. Vijith & N. Geetha & R. Shiny, 2011. "Regional Scale Erosion Assessment of a Sub-tropical Highland Segment in the Western Ghats of Kerala, South India," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(14), pages 3715-3727, November.
    18. Sreenivasulu Vemu & Udaya Pinnamaneni, 2011. "Estimation of spatial patterns of soil erosion using remote sensing and GIS: a case study of Indravati catchment," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 59(3), pages 1299-1315, December.
    19. Omvir Singh & A. Sarangi & Milap Sharma, 2008. "Hypsometric Integral Estimation Methods and its Relevance on Erosion Status of North-Western Lesser Himalayan Watersheds," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 22(11), pages 1545-1560, November.
    20. Krishna Bhandari & Jagannath Aryal & Rotchanatch Darnsawasdi, 2015. "A geospatial approach to assessing soil erosion in a watershed by integrating socio-economic determinants and the RUSLE model," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 75(1), pages 321-342, January.
    21. A. Jasrotia & Abinash Majhi & Sunil Singh, 2009. "Water Balance Approach for Rainwater Harvesting using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques, Jammu Himalaya, India," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 23(14), pages 3035-3055, November.
    22. Gizaw Tesfaye & Degifie Tibebe, 2018. "Soil Erosion Modeling Using GIS Based RUSEL Model in Gilgel Gibe-1 Catchment, South West Ethiopia," International Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 15(5), pages 141-148, December.
    23. Naudiyal, Niyati & Schmerbeck, Joachim, 2021. "Potential distribution of oak forests in the central Himalayas and implications for future ecosystem services supply to rural communities," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    24. P. Dabral & Neelakshi Baithuri & Ashish Pandey, 2008. "Soil Erosion Assessment in a Hilly Catchment of North Eastern India Using USLE, GIS and Remote Sensing," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 22(12), pages 1783-1798, December.
    25. Halecki, Wiktor & Kruk, Edyta & Ryczek, Marek, 2018. "Loss of topsoil and soil erosion by water in agricultural areas: A multi-criteria approach for various land use scenarios in the Western Carpathians using a SWAT model," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 363-372.

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    Keywords

    erosion; GIS; Morgan; remote sensing; USLE;
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