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Bonds of Resilience – A Longitudinal Perspective on Distress, Resilience and Attachment Orientations During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Listed:
  • Hadas Egozi-Farkash

    (Ben-Gurion University of the Negev)

  • Mooli Lahad

    (Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
    Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee
    The Community Stress Prevention Centre (CSPC))

  • Limor Aharonson-Daniel

    (Ben-Gurion University of the Negev)

Abstract

Attachment theory emphasizes the relationship between attachment bonds and mental health. This longitudinal study integrates socio-psychological approaches regarding variations in attachment orientations during long-lasting crises. An online questionnaire was distributed to 2305 adults (April 2020—November 2021), with 1022 respondents, to examine distress and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Anxious attachment orientation increased longitudinally and was found to be a risk factor for coping with the COVID-19 pandemic, while avoidant attachment orientation decreased over the third measurement. Psychological variables were significantly associated with traumatic symptoms and explained 30.4% of the variance in traumatic symptoms and 18.8% of the variance in personal resilience. Our research provides insights regarding the different patterns of insecure attachment orientations over time when secure attachment orientation and resilience serve as protective factors during a long-lasting crisis. Cultivating secure attachment, resilience, and hope as protective factors may help leaders and therapists develop psycho-educational interventions to support mental health.

Suggested Citation

  • Hadas Egozi-Farkash & Mooli Lahad & Limor Aharonson-Daniel, 2025. "Bonds of Resilience – A Longitudinal Perspective on Distress, Resilience and Attachment Orientations During the COVID-19 Pandemic," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 180(1), pages 205-220, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:soinre:v:180:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1007_s11205-025-03646-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s11205-025-03646-2
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