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Multilevel Modeling of Training Needs in Artificial Intelligence

Author

Listed:
  • Veronica Distefano

    (University of Salento
    European Centre for Living Technology (ECLT)
    Faculty of Economics and Law, Department of Management and Economics)

  • Sabrina Maggio

    (University of Salento)

  • Sandra De Iaco

    (University of Salento
    National Centre for HPC, Big Data and Quantum Computing
    National Biodiversity Future Center)

Abstract

Nowadays, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is playing a rapidly increasing role in several fields of research and in almost all sectors of real life. However, few studies have assessed the effects of AI applications on training needs. This paper proposes an innovative multilevel modeling in order to investigate Awareness, Attitude and Trust towards AI and their reflections on learning needs. In particular, it is shown how a machine learning variable selection algorithm can support the definition of the optimal subset of all relevant covariates with respect to the outcome variable and improve the multilevel model performance for estimating the probability of educational needs. Thus, starting from a complex web survey to European citizens distributed in eight countries, the estimation of a multilevel binary model, defined on the basis of covariates selected through the Boruta random forest algorithm, is proposed. A discussion on the gender differences of the related estimated multilevel logit models is presented. A sensitivity analysis is also included in order to assess the prediction accuracy of the proposed multilevel logit modeling.

Suggested Citation

  • Veronica Distefano & Sabrina Maggio & Sandra De Iaco, 2025. "Multilevel Modeling of Training Needs in Artificial Intelligence," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 178(3), pages 1411-1439, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:soinre:v:178:y:2025:i:3:d:10.1007_s11205-025-03544-7
    DOI: 10.1007/s11205-025-03544-7
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    1. Sayed Fayaz Ahmad & Heesup Han & Muhammad Mansoor Alam & Mohd. Khairul Rehmat & Muhammad Irshad & Marcelo Arraño-Muñoz & Antonio Ariza-Montes, 2023. "Correction: Impact of artificial intelligence on human loss in decision making, laziness and safety in education," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-1, December.
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