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Partial citation analysis of five classes of retracted papers, and devising a new four-tier citation classification system for retracted (and other) papers

Author

Listed:
  • Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva

    (Independent Researcher)

  • Serhii Nazarovets

    (Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University)

Abstract

As the number of retractions of the academic literature increase, there is also a bibliometric interest in appreciating the volume of citations that retracted papers received prior to, and following, a retraction. We assessed the pre- and post-citation counts of one paper each of five classes of retracted papers using the Web of Science Core Collection (WOS-CC). The papers (and their respective DOIs) were: (C1) Data or classification error ( https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204076 ); (C2) fraud ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-011-1208-0 ); C3) paper mill ( https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2381482 ); C4) tortured phrase ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-02455-4 ); C5) plagiarism ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2012.06.051 ). C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 were cited (September 7, 2022) 43, 45, 35, 3, and 16 times, respectively. Separately, noting the shortcomings of the WOS-CC citation classification system for citations, we propose a new four-tier classification system for citation sentiment or use (background; supportive; contradictory; manipulative) that accommodates both the functionality and sentiment of a citation to assess how a retracted paper (or indeed, any paper), is cited. We tested this new classification system using C5. We envision that these two new systems (five classes of retracted papers; four tiers of citation behavior) can further be implemented in citation databases to improve the informative value of these resources.

Suggested Citation

  • Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva & Serhii Nazarovets, 2023. "Partial citation analysis of five classes of retracted papers, and devising a new four-tier citation classification system for retracted (and other) papers," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 128(8), pages 4887-4894, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:scient:v:128:y:2023:i:8:d:10.1007_s11192-023-04769-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s11192-023-04769-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Judit Dobránszki & Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva, 2019. "Corrective factors for author- and journal-based metrics impacted by citations to accommodate for retractions," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 121(1), pages 387-398, October.
    2. Iman Tahamtan & Lutz Bornmann, 2019. "What do citation counts measure? An updated review of studies on citations in scientific documents published between 2006 and 2018," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 121(3), pages 1635-1684, December.
    3. Liu, Xiaojuan & Wang, Chenlin & Chen, Dar-Zen & Huang, Mu-Hsuan, 2022. "Exploring perception of retraction based on mentioned status in post-retraction citations," Journal of Informetrics, Elsevier, vol. 16(3).
    4. Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva & Judit Dobránszki, 2017. "Highly cited retracted papers," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 110(3), pages 1653-1661, March.
    5. Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva & Helmar Bornemann-Cimenti, 2017. "Why do some retracted papers continue to be cited?," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 110(1), pages 365-370, January.
    6. Dongqing Lyu & Xuanmin Ruan & Juan Xie & Ying Cheng, 2021. "The classification of citing motivations: a meta-synthesis," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 126(4), pages 3243-3264, April.
    7. Judit Bar-Ilan & Gali Halevi, 2018. "Temporal characteristics of retracted articles," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 116(3), pages 1771-1783, September.
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