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Developing an EQ-5D-5L Value Set for Singapore

Author

Listed:
  • Nan Luo

    (National University of Singapore)

  • Annushiah Vasan Thakumar

    (Taylor’s University)

  • Ling Jie Cheng

    (National University of Singapore
    University of Oxford
    National University of Singapore)

  • Zhihao Yang

    (Guizhou Medical University
    Erasmus Medical Center)

  • Kim Rand

    (Akershus University Hospital
    Math in Health B.V)

  • Yin Bun Cheung

    (Duke-NUS Medical School
    Duke-NUS Medical School
    Tampere University)

  • Julian Thumboo

    (Singapore General Hospital
    Duke-NUS Medical School
    National University of Singapore)

Abstract

Objectives The EQ-5D-5L is a multi-attribute utility instrument recommended by many health technology assessment agencies. This study aimed to develop an EQ-5D-5L value set for Singapore. Methods A ‘lite’ version of the EuroQol Research Foundation’s EQ-5D-5L valuation protocol, which was designed to value a total of 91 health states using a composite time trade-off (cTTO) method, was followed. Five hundred members of the general public in Singapore were quota-sampled and invited to a personal interview face-to-face or via Zoom. All participants completed 20 cTTO tasks administered using the EuroQol Valuation Technology (EQ-VT) program. Cross-validation analysis was performed to identify the best-performing model for estimating the values of all the 3,125 EQ-5D-5L health states. Results A 20-parameter main-effects model with two two-way interaction terms outperformed other models in the cross-validation analysis. The value set estimated using this model ranges from − 0.851 (for state 55555) to 1.000 (for state 11111), with pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression dimensions associated with the greatest disutility. Conclusions We developed an EQ-5D-5L value set based on the health preferences of Singaporeans. We recommend EQ-5D-5L users in Singapore to use this value set and encourage a more systematic and dedicated methodological effort to understand interaction effects and potential non-linearities in the valuation of multi-attribute health descriptive systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Nan Luo & Annushiah Vasan Thakumar & Ling Jie Cheng & Zhihao Yang & Kim Rand & Yin Bun Cheung & Julian Thumboo, 2025. "Developing an EQ-5D-5L Value Set for Singapore," PharmacoEconomics, Springer, vol. 43(12), pages 1419-1431, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:pharme:v:43:y:2025:i:12:d:10.1007_s40273-025-01519-7
    DOI: 10.1007/s40273-025-01519-7
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