Considering Clinical Implementation of Polygenic Scores in Hereditary Cancer Risk Assessment: Recipients’ Perspectives on Influencing Factors and Strategies

Background Polygenic scores (PGS) capture a proportion of the genomic liability for cancer in unselected and high-risk cohorts, with meaningful application in improving risk-stratified screening and management. However, there are significant evidence gaps regarding future clinical implementation. Despite being key interest-holders, recipient views are underrepresented. The objective of this study was to explore recipients’ views on the clinical implementation of PGS for hereditary cancer risk assessment in Australian cancer genetics clinics. Methods Three video-conferenced focus groups were conducted with recipients who had been given their breast and ovarian cancer PGS through the PRiMo trial. Nominal Group Technique was used to enable evaluation of implementation determinants and strategies, and priority setting. Descriptive and deductive content analyses were conducted utilising the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change compilation of facilitative strategies. Results Participants (N = 10) were female, with an average age of 36 years (range 18–70 years). Of these, 50% (N = 5) experienced a change in their hereditary cancer risk assessment due to their PGS. Participants prioritised the positive value and impact of PGS, and the behavioural characteristics of recipients, notably their knowledge and expectations of PGS and cancer genetics clinics, as major determinants of implementation success. Implementation strategies that prepared and supported recipients to access, engage, and use PGS were emphasised, with a focus on a clear results report, educational resources, in-clinic resources, and delivery of ongoing good clinical follow-up. Conclusion Evidence-based strategies should be deployed to address recipients’ priority barriers to the clinical implementation of PGS for hereditary cancer risk assessment. Centralising recipient voices in implementation design will improve effectiveness and success.