Themes that Determine Quality of Life in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Systematic Review

Objectives The aim of this study was to identify domains that determine quality of life in patients with peripheral arterial disease and find the patient-reported outcome measures that can examine the identified themes. Methods A systematic review of all the main six databases was undertaken to identify primary qualitative studies reporting on the health and/or quality of life of patients with peripheral arterial disease. The quality of studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program criteria. Findings from the included studies were analysed using framework analysis methodology. The identified themes were mapped against the items/domains of validated patient-reported outcome measures used in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Results The systematic review identified eight papers that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The included papers reported the views of 186 patients with peripheral arterial disease including patients with intermittent claudication, critical ischaemia and amputation secondary to peripheral arterial disease. The overall quality of the included studies was good based on Critical Appraisal Skills Program criteria. Framework analysis identified 35 themes that were divided into six main groups: symptoms, impact on physical functioning, impact on social functioning, psychological impact, financial impact and process of care. The best-fit generic and disease-specific patient-reported outcome measures were the Nottingham Health Profile and the Vascular Quality of Life Questionnaire, respectively. None of the patient-reported outcome measures covered all the themes important to patients with peripheral arterial disease. Discussion The findings from the review identified the important domains that affect patients living with peripheral arterial disease. None of the current generic and disease-specific patient-reported outcome measures provide a comprehensive measure for all themes that impact the daily living of patients with peripheral arterial disease.