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Intensity map of Mw 6.9 2011 Sikkim–Nepal border earthquake and its relationships with PGA: distance and magnitude

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  • Sanjay Prajapati
  • Ashok Kumar
  • Sumer Chopra
  • B. Bansal

Abstract

We compiled available information of damages and other effects caused by the September 18, 2011, Sikkim–Nepal border earthquake from the print and electronic media, and interpreted them to obtain Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) at over 142 locations. These values are used to prepare the intensity map of the Sikkim earthquake. The map reveals several interesting features. Within the meizoseismal area, the most heavily damaged villages are concentrated toward the eastern edge of the inferred fault, consistent with eastern directivity. The intensities are amplified significantly in areas located along rivers, within deltas or on coastal alluvium such as mud flats and salt pans. We have also derived empirical relation between MMI and ground motion parameters using least square regression technique and compared it with the available relationships available for other regions of the world. Further, seismic intensity information available for historical earthquakes which have occurred in NE Himalayas along with present intensity has been utilized for developing attenuation relationship for NE India using two-step regression analyses. The derived attenuation relation is useful for assessing damage of a potential future earthquake (earthquake scenario-based planning purposes) for the northeast Himalaya region. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013

Suggested Citation

  • Sanjay Prajapati & Ashok Kumar & Sumer Chopra & B. Bansal, 2013. "Intensity map of Mw 6.9 2011 Sikkim–Nepal border earthquake and its relationships with PGA: distance and magnitude," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 69(3), pages 1781-1801, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:69:y:2013:i:3:p:1781-1801
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-013-0776-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. A. Mahajan & Vikram Gupta & V. Thakur, 2012. "Macroseismic field observations of 18 September 2011 Sikkim earthquake," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 63(2), pages 589-603, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Abhishek Kumar & N. H. Harinarayan & Olympa Baro, 2017. "Nonlinear soil response to ground motions during different earthquakes in Nepal, to arrive at surface response spectra," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 87(1), pages 13-33, May.
    2. Babita Sharma & Sumer Chopra & Vikas Kumar, 2016. "Simulation of strong ground motion for 1905 Kangra earthquake and a possible megathrust earthquake (Mw 8.5) in western Himalaya (India) using Empirical Green’s Function technique," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 80(1), pages 487-503, January.

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