Challenges and approaches in sediment management in the Philippines: a review of current research, practices, and proposed countermeasures

Sediment management in the Philippines presents significant challenges due to the country’s unique geographical and climatic conditions, including frequent typhoons, earthquakes, volcanic activity, and heavy rainfall. These natural processes and human activities, such as deforestation, mining, dam development, and unsustainable agricultural practices, exacerbate soil erosion and sedimentation, affecting rivers, coastal zones, and urban areas. This review synthesizes existing research to outline sedimentation’s primary causes and impacts, highlighting the severe consequences for infrastructure, ecosystems, and public safety. Sediment buildup reduces the efficiency of hydropower and irrigation systems, increases flood risks, and disrupts aquatic habitats, leading to biodiversity loss and economic hardships for communities dependent on fisheries and agriculture. This paper identifies current sediment management strategy gaps, such as fragmented governance, outdated guidelines, and insufficient funding and technical resources. This emphasizes the need for integrated and sustainable solutions incorporating modern technologies such as remote sensing and geographic information system-based monitoring alongside traditional practices. A proposed conceptual framework illustrates the interconnectedness of sedimentation causes, impacts, and management approaches, suggesting holistic, context-specific strategies. The review also underscores the importance of community engagement and interagency collaboration to improve resilience against sediment-related disasters. The Philippines can advance sediment management practices that balance environmental protection and socioeconomic development by addressing these issues through coordinated and well-funded efforts. This is the first comprehensive review that consolidates multidisciplinary research, policy gaps, and practical countermeasures for sedimentation in the Philippines, while also integrating international best practices and proposing a conceptual framework tailored to tropical developing countries facing similar challenges. The findings and recommendations aim to guide policymakers, researchers, and practitioners in developing adaptive strategies to mitigate sedimentation risks and impacts effectively.