Assessing the impact of tidal inundation on the livelihood vulnerabilities of the Chattogram City dwellers in Bangladesh

This paper assesses the impact of tidal inundation on the livelihoods of residents in Chattogram City, Bangladesh—a major coastal urban center highly exposed to climate-induced hazards. Employing a mixed-method approach, the study draws on data from face-to-face surveys, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews conducted across five vulnerable wards: Chandgaon, West Bakalia, North Halisahar, South Agrabad, and Gosaildanga. The findings reveal that tidal inundation has a profound impact on urban livelihoods by disrupting daily routines, damaging infrastructure, displacing communities, and exacerbating health and psychological burdens. Particularly affected are vulnerable groups such as older adults, pregnant women, persons with disabilities, and children. The study further highlights emerging livelihood challenges, including increasing poverty, interruptions in educational access, changing occupational structures, and worsening food insecurity. Although Chattogram City benefits from a relatively advanced urban infrastructure compared to other coastal cities, it remains critically exposed to the growing risks of tidal inundation. These findings underscore the urgent need for integrated and climate-sensitive urban planning. The paper offers evidence-based insights to assist city planners and policymakers in designing sustainable adaptation strategies for protecting the well-being of coastal urban populations.