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River incision and fracture density controls on the style and pattern of slope failure on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Author

Listed:
  • Xueliang Wang

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    CAS
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • John J. Clague

    (Simon Fraser University)

  • Shengwen Qi

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    CAS
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Hengxing Lan

    (University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Chang’an University)

  • Lihui Li

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    CAS
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Wenxin Fang

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • JuanJuan Sun

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    CAS
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Junfei Wang

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Abstract

Hillslopes are important elements of mountain landscapes, but there is still limited understanding of how hillslopes respond to river incision and rock mass properties at the landscape scale. Topographic characteristics at Qingyang Mountain (QYM) on the tectonically active northeastern Tibetan Plateau, which we documented using field observations and geometric measurements of high-resolution DEMs, are the result of differences in river incision over timescales of 100,000 years or more. Hillslope erosion at QYM is achieved by slope failures that increase hillslope angles as rivers incise. Based on the Culmann's method, we consider the slope relief of 221–231 m to be limiting values corresponding to the observed threshold slope angle of ~ 26.3° in eastern QYM. Multi-scale analysis of lidar point clouds, obtained by laser scanner, and Structure from Motion photogrammetry reveal a spatial variation of bedrock fracture density that is consistent with lateral evolution of ridge-valley topography. Areas of higher fracture density correspond to eroded gullies, and areas of lower fracture density are found in ridges separating these gullies. Our results suggest that difference in tectonic fracturing of the rock mass dominantly drives lateral erosion of slopes in the study area.

Suggested Citation

  • Xueliang Wang & John J. Clague & Shengwen Qi & Hengxing Lan & Lihui Li & Wenxin Fang & JuanJuan Sun & Junfei Wang, 2024. "River incision and fracture density controls on the style and pattern of slope failure on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 120(4), pages 3349-3361, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:120:y:2024:i:4:d:10.1007_s11069-023-06330-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-023-06330-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Feng Liu & Jianfeng Li & Shunhu Yang, 2015. "Landslide erosion associated with the Wenchuan earthquake in the Minjiang River watershed: Implication for landscape evolution of the Longmen Shan, eastern Tibetan Plateau," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 76(3), pages 1911-1926, April.
    2. Aznarul Islam & Sanat Kumar Guchhait, 2020. "Characterizing cross-sectional morphology and channel inefficiency of lower Bhagirathi River, India, in post-Farakka barrage condition," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 103(3), pages 3803-3836, September.
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