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Legendre’s Necessary Condition for Fractional Bolza Functionals with Mixed Initial/Final Constraints

Author

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  • Loïc Bourdin

    (Institut de Recherche XLIM UMR CNRS 7252 Université de Limoges)

  • Rui A. C. Ferreira

    (Universidade de Lisboa)

Abstract

The present work was primarily motivated by our findings in the literature of some flaws within the proof of the second-order Legendre necessary optimality condition for fractional calculus of variations problems. Therefore, we were eager to elaborate a correct proof and it turns out that this goal is highly nontrivial, especially when considering final constraints. This paper is the result of our reflections on this subject. Precisely, we consider here a constrained minimization problem of a general Bolza functional that depends on a Caputo fractional derivative of order $$0 0$$ β > 0 , the constraint set describing general mixed initial/final constraints. The main contribution of our work is to derive corresponding first- and second-order necessary optimality conditions, namely the Euler–Lagrange equation, the transversality conditions and, of course, the Legendre condition. A detailed discussion is provided on the obstructions encountered with the classical strategy, while the new proof that we propose here is based on the Ekeland variational principle. Furthermore, we underline that some subsidiary contributions are provided all along the paper. In particular, we prove an independent and intrinsic result of fractional calculus stating that it does not exist a nontrivial function which is, together with its Caputo fractional derivative of order $$0

Suggested Citation

  • Loïc Bourdin & Rui A. C. Ferreira, 2021. "Legendre’s Necessary Condition for Fractional Bolza Functionals with Mixed Initial/Final Constraints," Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Springer, vol. 190(2), pages 672-708, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:joptap:v:190:y:2021:i:2:d:10.1007_s10957-021-01908-w
    DOI: 10.1007/s10957-021-01908-w
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tian Liang Guo, 2013. "The Necessary Conditions of Fractional Optimal Control in the Sense of Caputo," Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Springer, vol. 156(1), pages 115-126, January.
    2. Ricardo Almeida, 2017. "Variational Problems Involving a Caputo-Type Fractional Derivative," Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Springer, vol. 174(1), pages 276-294, July.
    3. Almeida, Ricardo & Morgado, M. Luísa, 2018. "The Euler–Lagrange and Legendre equations for functionals involving distributed–order fractional derivatives," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 331(C), pages 394-403.
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    Cited by:

    1. Moualkia, Seyfeddine, 2023. "Mathematical analysis of new variant Omicron model driven by Lévy noise and with variable-order fractional derivatives," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).

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