IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/joiaen/v14y2025i1d10.1186_s13731-025-00560-2.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Measuring sustainable mobility of electric vehicles: determining critical factors with policy mix support for developing economies and user convenience

Author

Listed:
  • Kirtikumar Tolani

    (Chitkara University)

  • Sridhar Manohar

    (Chitkara University)

  • Satish Rao

    (Welcomgroup Graduate School of Hotel Administration Manipal Academy of Higher Education)

Abstract

Purpose Sustainable mobility is emerging as one of the most important factors relevant to sustainable development. The transition to electric vehicles helps in reducing emissions and contributes to the well-being of society. This study intends to explore the various determinants that define sustainable mobility along with the role of policy mix and user convenience. Methodology The study adopted an integrated research design, combining exploratory and descriptive research, where the research model was prepared using a systematic literature review. For operationalization of the constructs of sustainable mobility and policy mix, the determinants were identified by a non-probability sampling process using in-depth interviews. Lastly, a taxonomy of the determinants under constructs was prepared using an expert opinion survey. Findings The study shows that the transition to EVs in emerging economies is not without its challenges. On the economic aspect of sustainable mobility, battery costs and the price premium of EVs over conventional vehicles affect their purchase intention. The source of energy for charging EVs, along with the pollution during battery manufacturing and disposal, impacts the environmental aspect of sustainable mobility. The role of social institutions, policy mix, and individual constructs are key enablers for the social sustainability of EVs. Implications For academia, the determinants identified in the study can be developed into an item pool to propose a scale for measuring sustainable mobility in the context of EVs. From a managerial perspective, this study provides manufacturers with a holistic view of sustainable mobility, enabling them to design EVs that are affordable, socially acceptable, and environmentally sustainable. The social determinants of sustainable mobility will help organizations and policymakers design policies for the transition of society to EVs. Originality This study extends and integrates the TPB and policy mix models to offer a comprehensive view of sustainable mobility adoption. It uses an exploratory research design to factor in the determinants of sustainable mobility in the context of EVs. Further, the study identifies the variables of policy comprehensiveness and also proposes a new construct of policy responsiveness. It further proposes a grid model to study the impact of sustainability against its dimensions for future studies.

Suggested Citation

  • Kirtikumar Tolani & Sridhar Manohar & Satish Rao, 2025. "Measuring sustainable mobility of electric vehicles: determining critical factors with policy mix support for developing economies and user convenience," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 14(1), pages 1-35, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:joiaen:v:14:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1186_s13731-025-00560-2
    DOI: 10.1186/s13731-025-00560-2
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1186/s13731-025-00560-2
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1186/s13731-025-00560-2?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. ShiYong Zheng & Hua Liu & Weili Guan & Yuping Yang & JiaYing Li & Shah Fahad & Biqing Li, 2022. "Identifying Intention-Based Factors Influencing Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Electric Vehicles: A Sustainable Consumption Paradigm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-15, December.
    2. repec:plo:pone00:0238714 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Bertha Maya Sopha & Dwi Megah Purnamasari & Sholeh Ma’mun, 2022. "Barriers and Enablers of Circular Economy Implementation for Electric-Vehicle Batteries: From Systematic Literature Review to Conceptual Framework," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-23, May.
    4. Sarmad Zaman Rajper & Johan Albrecht, 2020. "Prospects of Electric Vehicles in the Developing Countries: A Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-19, March.
    5. Vahid Mohamad Taghvaee & Abbas Assari Arani & Mehrab Nodehi & Jalil Khodaparast Shirazi & Lotfali Agheli & Haji Mohammad Neshat Ghojogh & Nafiseh Salehnia & Amir Mirzaee & Saeed Taheri & Raziyeh Moham, 2023. "Sustainable development goals: transportation, health and public policy," Review of Economics and Political Science, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 8(2), pages 134-161, April.
    6. Yongan Zhang & Umair Khan & Seoyeon Lee & Madiha Salik, 2019. "The Influence of Management Innovation and Technological Innovation on Organization Performance. A Mediating Role of Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-21, January.
    7. Rogge, Karoline S. & Reichardt, Kristin, 2016. "Policy mixes for sustainability transitions: An extended concept and framework for analysis," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(8), pages 1620-1635.
    8. Erling Holden & Geoffrey Gilpin & David Banister, 2019. "Sustainable Mobility at Thirty," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-14, April.
    9. Vanduy Tran & Shengchuan Zhao & El Bachir Diop & Weiya Song, 2019. "Travelers’ Acceptance of Electric Carsharing Systems in Developing Countries: The Case of China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-22, September.
    10. Manolis Manioudis & Giorgos Meramveliotakis, 2022. "Broad strokes towards a grand theory in the analysis of sustainable development: a return to the classical political economy," New Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(5), pages 866-878, September.
    11. Ivan K. W. Lai & Yide Liu & Xinbo Sun & Hao Zhang & Weiwei Xu, 2015. "Factors Influencing the Behavioural Intention towards Full Electric Vehicles: An Empirical Study in Macau," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(9), pages 1-22, September.
    12. Yueling Xu & Wenyu Zhang & Haijun Bao & Shuai Zhang & Ying Xiang, 2019. "A SEM–Neural Network Approach to Predict Customers’ Intention to Purchase Battery Electric Vehicles in China’s Zhejiang Province," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-19, June.
    13. Sudarsan Jayasingh & T. Girija & Sivakumar Arunkumar, 2021. "Factors Influencing Consumers’ Purchase Intention towards Electric Two-Wheelers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-20, November.
    14. Dominique Gillis & Ivana Semanjski & Dirk Lauwers, 2015. "How to Monitor Sustainable Mobility in Cities? Literature Review in the Frame of Creating a Set of Sustainable Mobility Indicators," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-30, December.
    15. Banister, David, 2008. "The sustainable mobility paradigm," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 73-80, March.
    16. Paul, Justin & Modi, Ashwin & Patel, Jayesh, 2016. "Predicting green product consumption using theory of planned behavior and reasoned action," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 123-134.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jaeyoung Lee & Farrukh Baig & Mir Aftab Hussain Talpur & Sajan Shaikh, 2021. "Public Intentions to Purchase Electric Vehicles in Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-18, May.
    2. Maurici Ruiz-Pérez & Joana Maria Seguí-Pons, 2020. "Transport Mode Choice for Residents in a Tourist Destination: The Long Road to Sustainability (the Case of Mallorca, Spain)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-31, November.
    3. Marc Dijk & Moshe Givoni & Karen Diederiks, 2018. "Piling up or Packaging Policies? An Ex-Post Analysis of Modal Shift in Four Cities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-20, May.
    4. Radoje Vujadinović & Jelena Šaković Jovanović & Aljaž Plevnik & Luka Mladenovič & Tom Rye, 2021. "Key Challenges in the Status Analysis for the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan in Podgorica, Montenegro," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-28, January.
    5. Marceli Adriane Schvartz & Lucas Veiga Avila & Walter Leal Filho & Luciane Neves Canha & Julio Cezar Mairesse Siluk & Thiago Antônio Beuron Corrêa de Barros & Luis Felipe Dias Lopes & Elda Rodrigues S, 2024. "Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Purchase of Electric Vehicles in Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-22, November.
    6. Giulio Mario Cappelletti & Luca Grilli & Carlo Russo & Domenico Santoro, 2023. "Benchmarking Sustainable Mobility in Higher Education," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-12, March.
    7. Wei Yang & Wijnand Veeneman & Martin De Jong, 2018. "Transport Demand Management Policy Integration in Chinese Cities: A Proposed Analysis of Its Effects," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-22, May.
    8. Gulnaz Ivanova & António Carrizo Moreira, 2023. "Antecedents of Electric Vehicle Purchase Intention from the Consumer’s Perspective: A Systematic Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-27, February.
    9. Vicente Aprigliano & Gabriel Teixeira Barros & Marcos Vinicius Silva Maia Santos & Catalina Toro & Gonzalo Rojas & Sebastian Seriani & Marcelino Aurelio Vieira da Silva & Ualison Rébula de Oliveira, 2023. "Sustainable Mobility Challenges in the Latin American Context," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-27, October.
    10. Arsalan Raza & Muhammad Umair Ali & Ubaid Ullah & Muhammad Fayaz & Muhammad Junaid Alvi & Karam Dad Kallu & Amad Zafar & Sarvar Hussain Nengroo, 2022. "Evaluation of a Sustainable Urban Transportation System in Terms of Traffic Congestion—A Case Study in Taxila, Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-25, September.
    11. Luis Rivera-González & David Bolonio & Luis F. Mazadiego & Sebastián Naranjo-Silva & Kenny Escobar-Segovia, 2020. "Long-Term Forecast of Energy and Fuels Demand Towards a Sustainable Road Transport Sector in Ecuador (2016–2035): A LEAP Model Application," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-26, January.
    12. Massimiliano Scopelliti & Daniela Barni & Elena Rinallo, 2022. "My Parents Taught…Green Was My Growth! The Role of Intergenerational Transmission of Ecological Values in Young Adults’ Pro-Environmental Behaviors and Their Psychosocial Mechanisms," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-23, February.
    13. Tuğba Yeğin & Muhammad Ikram, 2022. "Analysis of Consumers’ Electric Vehicle Purchase Intentions: An Expansion of the Theory of Planned Behavior," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-27, September.
    14. Remme, Devyn & Sareen, Siddharth & Haarstad, Håvard, 2022. "Who benefits from sustainable mobility transitions? Social inclusion, populist resistance and elite capture in Bergen, Norway," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
    15. Romanika Okraszewska & Kazimierz Jamroz & Lech Michalski & Joanna Żukowska & Krzysztof Grzelec & Krystian Birr, 2019. "Analysing Ways to Achieve a New Urban Agenda-Based Sustainable Metropolitan Transport," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-21, February.
    16. Budnitz, Hannah & Jaskólski, Marek & Knapskog, Marianne & Lis-Plesińska, Aleksandra & Schmidt, Filip & Szymanowski, Rafał & der Craats, Jasmijn van & Schwanen, Tim, 2025. "Multi-level governance and modal thinking: Tensions in electric mobility transitions in European cities," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 63-72.
    17. Catalin Vrabie, 2022. "Electric Vehicles Optimism versus the Energy Market Reality," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-15, April.
    18. Glaser, Meredith & Krizek, Kevin J., 2021. "Can street-focused emergency response measures trigger a transition to new transport systems? Exploring evidence and lessons from 55 US cities," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 146-155.
    19. ShiYong Zheng & Hua Liu & Weili Guan & Yuping Yang & JiaYing Li & Shah Fahad & Biqing Li, 2022. "Identifying Intention-Based Factors Influencing Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Electric Vehicles: A Sustainable Consumption Paradigm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-15, December.
    20. Meqbel M. Aliedan & Mansour A. Alyahya & Ibrahim A. Elshaer & Abu Elnasr E. Sobaih, 2023. "Who Is Going Green? Determinants of Green Investment Intention in the Saudi Food Industry," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-17, May.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:joiaen:v:14:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1186_s13731-025-00560-2. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.