Measuring sustainable mobility of electric vehicles: determining critical factors with policy mix support for developing economies and user convenience

Purpose Sustainable mobility is emerging as one of the most important factors relevant to sustainable development. The transition to electric vehicles helps in reducing emissions and contributes to the well-being of society. This study intends to explore the various determinants that define sustainable mobility along with the role of policy mix and user convenience. Methodology The study adopted an integrated research design, combining exploratory and descriptive research, where the research model was prepared using a systematic literature review. For operationalization of the constructs of sustainable mobility and policy mix, the determinants were identified by a non-probability sampling process using in-depth interviews. Lastly, a taxonomy of the determinants under constructs was prepared using an expert opinion survey. Findings The study shows that the transition to EVs in emerging economies is not without its challenges. On the economic aspect of sustainable mobility, battery costs and the price premium of EVs over conventional vehicles affect their purchase intention. The source of energy for charging EVs, along with the pollution during battery manufacturing and disposal, impacts the environmental aspect of sustainable mobility. The role of social institutions, policy mix, and individual constructs are key enablers for the social sustainability of EVs. Implications For academia, the determinants identified in the study can be developed into an item pool to propose a scale for measuring sustainable mobility in the context of EVs. From a managerial perspective, this study provides manufacturers with a holistic view of sustainable mobility, enabling them to design EVs that are affordable, socially acceptable, and environmentally sustainable. The social determinants of sustainable mobility will help organizations and policymakers design policies for the transition of society to EVs. Originality This study extends and integrates the TPB and policy mix models to offer a comprehensive view of sustainable mobility adoption. It uses an exploratory research design to factor in the determinants of sustainable mobility in the context of EVs. Further, the study identifies the variables of policy comprehensiveness and also proposes a new construct of policy responsiveness. It further proposes a grid model to study the impact of sustainability against its dimensions for future studies.