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Free Pre-K and Non-Marital Childbearing: Examining the Link in Vermont

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  • Masanori Kuroki

    (Arkansas Tech University)

Abstract

This paper examines the potential unintended consequence of universal pre-kindergarten (pre-k) programs on non-marital childbearing. We analyze the implementation of Vermont’s Act 166 in 2014, which mandated comprehensive pre-k for all 3–5 year olds, employing difference-in-differences and synthetic control methodologies. We find that the policy has led to an increase in the share of non-marital childbearing among mothers already raising children outside of marriage. Our results suggest that universal pre-k may incentivize unmarried mothers to have additional children due to reduced childcare costs and increased time availability. The findings indicate that implementing universal pre-k has the potential to unintentionally affect family formation decisions and fertility patterns among unmarried mothers.

Suggested Citation

  • Masanori Kuroki, 2024. "Free Pre-K and Non-Marital Childbearing: Examining the Link in Vermont," Journal of Economics, Race, and Policy, Springer, vol. 7(3), pages 154-163, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:joerap:v:7:y:2024:i:3:d:10.1007_s41996-024-00146-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s41996-024-00146-2
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Family planning; Fertility; Child care; Preschool; Non-marital childbearing;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth

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