Conceptualizing Corporate Social Responsibility Process Among Muslim SMEs in the UK: A Case Study Approach

This study explores the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) conceptualization process in Muslim-owned Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the UK, aiming to develop a culturally sensitive understanding of their CSR practices. Through an analysis of two case studies, the research identifies six distinct stages in the CSR process: realization, ad hoc initiatives, impact analysis, selection, implementation, and maturation. The study reveals that each stage is driven by unique factors, including religious identity, a sense of moral calling, and demographic influences. Religion is overarching, guiding the CSR initiatives from inception to maturation and aligning business practices with Islamic values. The findings suggest that CSR in Muslim SMEs is not merely a passive response to external demands but a dynamic and evolving process that actively engages internal and external stakeholders. By co-creating CSR initiatives with employees and the wider community, these businesses aim to foster a moral and socially responsible environment. The research underscores the complexity of CSR in Muslim SMEs, particularly in navigating the intersection of religious, cultural, and legal expectations. This study contributes to the broader CSR literature by offering insights into Muslim SMEs’ specific challenges and opportunities. It calls for further research into how ethnic and cultural differences influence CSR processes across diverse Muslim business communities. The implications of this research suggest that CSR, when integrated with religious and ethical values, can enhance both social responsibility and competitive advantage for SMEs.