Impact of the Removal of Genotypes on the Formation of Mega-Environments Based on GGE Biplots Analysis

The GGE biplot analysis is an essential technique for optimizing genotype selection. However, it is particularly sensitive as its effectiveness depends on the genotypic effect, which can vary greatly according to the cultivation environment. This study thoroughly explores how the formation of mega-environments can be affected by the exclusion of specific genotypes and whether the categorization of mega-environments based on genotypes aligns with recommended locations for future sugarcane breeding experiments. Eight experiments were conducted in Minas Gerais, Brazil 2021, evaluating 11 sugarcane clones planted in 2019, with data collected in 2021. The exclusion of genotypes impacts the formation of mega-environments: unstable genotypes exhibit variable performance in different environments, while their exclusion may compromise the interpretation of genotype $$\times $$ × environment interaction; on the other hand, stable genotypes maintain consistent performance, minimizing the impact on mega-environment formation. The study enhances the understanding of GGE biplot analysis and its application in sugarcane genetic improvement, underscoring the relevance of precise genotype selection in diverse environmental contexts.