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Survey on protocols in MANETs, WSNs and DTNs

Author

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  • Idris Afzal Shah

    (Malaviya National Institute of Technology)

  • Mushtaq Ahmed

    (Malaviya National Institute of Technology)

Abstract

This analysis explores the complexities of routing protocols across various wireless network types, including Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), and Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs). It begins by providing an overview of wireless communication networks, addressing their key features, functions, and limitations. The paper then focuses on the routing protocols used in MANETs, explaining their operational principles. It also highlights energy-efficient algorithms, such as BECA, AFECA, ASCENT, and CCP, and their role in reducing energy consumption within these networks. The analysis continues with a review of routing protocols in WSNs, categorizing them into flat, location-based, and hierarchical approaches. Each category is examined in terms of its strengths and weaknesses, offering a comprehensive view of their functionalities and limitations. The paper concludes with an evaluation of protocols in DTNs, providing a comparative analysis of their advantages and disadvantages, accompanied by a table that summarizes the protocols for a clearer understanding of their applications in DTN environments.

Suggested Citation

  • Idris Afzal Shah & Mushtaq Ahmed, 2025. "Survey on protocols in MANETs, WSNs and DTNs," International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, Springer;The Society for Reliability, Engineering Quality and Operations Management (SREQOM),India, and Division of Operation and Maintenance, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden, vol. 16(6), pages 2089-2120, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:ijsaem:v:16:y:2025:i:6:d:10.1007_s13198-025-02760-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s13198-025-02760-1
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