Analysis of induced magnetic field effect on the stagnation point flow dynamics of buoyancy-driven blood-based hybrid nanofluid with inertial drag

For the enhanced thermal conductivity and stability, blood-based hybrid nanofluids have gained their significant role in biomedical engineering, drug delivery, etc. The proposed study analyzes the role of an induced magnetic field on the stagnation point flow of blood-based hybrid nanofluid comprised of CuO and Cu nanoparticles. The flow phenomena are enhanced for the incorporation of Darcy-Forchheimer inertial drag, thermal buoyancy, and heat source effects. The mathematical model is projected for the proposed phenomena are transmuted into non-dimensional form by the utilization of similarity rules, and then a numerical method is employed for the solution of the system. In particular, due to the unavailability of the requisite initial conditions shooting method is used to get the unknown initial guess values and further Runge–Kutta fourth-order technique is employed for the solution of the system of transformed equations. The behavior of the physical quantities is presented via graphs. The major outcomes of the study are elaborated as: the induced current enhances fluid velocity, while reciprocal magnetization strengthens the magnetic profile. Permeability-induced resistivity and inertial drag reduce velocity, whereas greater thermal conductivity in hybrid nanofluids offsets density effects. Thermal radiation boosts heat transport, permeability and inertial drag increase shear rate, but thermal buoyancy decelerates the profile. Graphical abstract The study aims to investigate the stagnation point flow of a blood-based CuO+Cu hybrid nanofluid under the influence of induced magnetization, which holds significant relevance in biomedical applications. A comprehensive mathematical model is developed to incorporate radiant heat, thermal buoyancy, and internal heat sources, enhancing understanding of hybrid nanofluid behavior in complex environments. The inclusion of Darcy–Forchheimer inertial drag in a porous medium offers a more realistic portrayal of fluid resistance, improving the fidelity of nanofluid flow simulations. The combined effects of heat source and radiation on the free convection characteristics of the hybrid nanofluid are analyzed, emphasizing their role in thermal regulation systems. The optimized thermal transport characteristics of the hybrid nanofluid demonstrate potential in drug delivery, biomedical cooling, and other bio-thermal engineering applications.