Monte Carlo determination of the low-energy constants for a two-dimensional spin-1 Heisenberg model with spatial anisotropy

The low-energy constants, namely the spin stiffness ρ s , the staggered magnetization density ℳ s per area, and the spinwave velocity c of the two-dimensional (2D) spin-1 Heisenberg model on the square and rectangular lattices are determined using the first principles Monte Carlo method. In particular, the studied models have different antiferromagnetic couplings J 1 and J 2 in the spatial 1- and 2-directions, respectively. For each considered J 2∕J 1, the aspect ratio of the corresponding linear box sizes L 2∕L 1 used in the simulations is adjusted so that the squares of the two spatial winding numbers take the same values. In addition, the relevant finite-volume and -temperature predictions from magnon chiral perturbation theory are employed in extracting the numerical values of these low-energy constants. Our results of ρ s1 are in quantitative agreement with those obtained by the series expansion method over a broad range of J 2∕J 1. This in turn provides convincing numerical evidence for the quantitative correctness of our approach. The ℳ s and c presented here for the spatially anisotropic models are new and can be used as benchmarks for future related studies.