IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/endesu/v27y2025i7d10.1007_s10668-024-04621-6.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Environmental assymetry between the pillars of the CAP: the case of Spain

Author

Listed:
  • Carmelo Díaz Poblete

    (Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional)

  • Juan Sebastián Castillo Valero

    (Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y de Montes)

  • María Carmen Garcia-Cortijo

    (Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional)

Abstract

The Common Agricultural Policy, which is both dynamic and systemic, has aimed to adapt with its various Reforms to the environmental challenges faced by agriculture in Europe. The 2013 Reform brought the greenest CAP and, for the first time, Pillar 1 included measures that coexisted with, and complemented, those of Pillar 2. The purpose of this study is to determine which pillar is most effective in the fight against climate change because, even though the environmental effects of the CAP have been widely studied, there have not been sufficient studies in the literature that deal simultaneously with Pillars 1 and 2. We have drawn up an environmental equation for Spain, estimated using the Driscoll-Kraay technique which is the most suitable for panel data with cross-sectional and time dependence. The model shows that the best results were achieved with the second pillar, indicating that the adaptations and changes in environmental measures under the first pillar were not satisfactory for farmers and did not achieve their full potential.

Suggested Citation

  • Carmelo Díaz Poblete & Juan Sebastián Castillo Valero & María Carmen Garcia-Cortijo, 2025. "Environmental assymetry between the pillars of the CAP: the case of Spain," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 27(7), pages 17147-17161, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:27:y:2025:i:7:d:10.1007_s10668-024-04621-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-024-04621-6
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10668-024-04621-6
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s10668-024-04621-6?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:27:y:2025:i:7:d:10.1007_s10668-024-04621-6. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.