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Effect of Previous Anticoagulant Treatment on Risk of COVID-19

Author

Listed:
  • Maruxa Zapata-Cachafeiro

    (University of Santiago de Compostela
    (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP)
    Institute of Health Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS))

  • Ángela Prieto-Campo

    (University of Santiago de Compostela)

  • Manuel Portela-Romero

    (Centro de Salud Concepción Arenal
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV))

  • Eduardo Carracedo-Martínez

    (Santiago de Compostela Health Area, Galician Health Service (Servizo Galego de Saúde-SERGAS))

  • Martina Lema-Oreiro

    (Pharmaceutical Provision Management Service, Galician Health Service)

  • María Piñeiro-Lamas

    ((CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP)
    Institute of Health Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS))

  • Somnath Chaudhuri

    (University of Girona
    CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP))

  • Ángel Salgado-Barreira

    (University of Santiago de Compostela
    (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP)
    Institute of Health Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS))

  • Adolfo Figueiras

    (University of Santiago de Compostela
    (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP)
    Institute of Health Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS))

Abstract

Introduction Little is known about the role played by anticoagulants in COVID-19. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the impact of previous anticoagulant treatment on risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19, progression to severe COVID-19 and susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. Methods We conducted a multiple population-based case–control study in northwest Spain, in 2020, to assess (1) risk of hospitalization: cases were all patients admitted due to COVID-19 with PCR confirmation, and controls were a random matched sample of subjects without a positive PCR; (2) progression: cases were hospitalized COVID-19 subjects, and controls were all non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients; and (3) susceptibility: cases were patients with a positive PCR (hospitalized and non-hospitalized), and the controls were the same as for the hospitalization model. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using a generalized linear mixed model. Results The consumption of antivitamin K and direct-acting anticoagulants apparently was not associated with the risk of progression to severe COVID-19 (OR 0.93 [95% CI 0.74–1.17] and OR 1.04 [95% CI 0.79–1.36], respectively). Antivitamin K anticoagulants were associated with a significantly lower risk of hospitalization (OR 0.77 [95% CI 0.64–0.93]), which, in part, can be explained by a decreased risk of susceptibility to infection (OR 0.83 [95% CI 0.74–0.92]). The use of direct-acting anticoagulants was not associated with the risk of hospitalization, although it also seems to decrease susceptibility (OR 0.85 [95% CI 0.74–0.98]). It has also been observed that low-molecular-weight heparins were associated with an increased risk of progression to severe COVID-19 (OR 1.25 [95% CI 1.01–1.55]). Conclusion The results of this study have shown that antivitamin K anticoagulants and direct-acting anticoagulants do not increase the risk of progression to more severe stages. Antivitamin K consumption was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization and susceptibility to infection.

Suggested Citation

  • Maruxa Zapata-Cachafeiro & Ángela Prieto-Campo & Manuel Portela-Romero & Eduardo Carracedo-Martínez & Martina Lema-Oreiro & María Piñeiro-Lamas & Somnath Chaudhuri & Ángel Salgado-Barreira & Adolfo Fi, 2023. "Effect of Previous Anticoagulant Treatment on Risk of COVID-19," Drug Safety, Springer, vol. 46(3), pages 273-281, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:drugsa:v:46:y:2023:i:3:d:10.1007_s40264-022-01266-0
    DOI: 10.1007/s40264-022-01266-0
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