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An Integrative Frame Work for Circular Manufacturing System in Indian Industry

Author

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  • Sandeep Nagaraja

    (M S Ramaiah Univeristy of Applied Sciences, Department of Mechanical Engineering)

  • R. Suresh

    (M S Ramaiah Univeristy of Applied Sciences, Department of Mechanical Engineering)

Abstract

The transition toward a Circular Economy (CE) is reshaping global manufacturing systems; however, its implementation in emerging economies remains fragmented and underexplored. This study develops and empirically validates the Integrative Framework for Circular Manufacturing System (IFCMS), designed to operationalize circularity through three interdependent pillars: Circular Business Models (CBMs), Circular Product Design (CPD), and Circular Supply Chains (CSCs). Drawing on survey data from 118 Indian manufacturing firms primarily in the automotive sector, the research investigates levels of awareness, current adoption, future aspirations, and key barriers related to CE implementation. Findings reveal high strategic awareness of CE principles (85%), yet a considerable gap in operationalization persists, with only 54% of firms utilizing renewable energy and 51% engaging in material reuse. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) affirms the structural validity of the IFCMS model, indicating strong inter-construct correlations among CBM, CPD, and CSC dimensions. Major barriers include limited policy support, inadequate technical expertise, and weak supply chain collaboration. The study contributes a validated, practice-oriented framework to guide firms, researchers, and policymakers in advancing circular manufacturing, particularly within resource-constrained industrial contexts.

Suggested Citation

  • Sandeep Nagaraja & R. Suresh, 2025. "An Integrative Frame Work for Circular Manufacturing System in Indian Industry," Circular Economy and Sustainability, Springer, vol. 5(6), pages 5657-5673, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:circec:v:5:y:2025:i:6:d:10.1007_s43615-025-00696-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s43615-025-00696-z
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