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Un modelo "naive" de opción barrera para la predicción de fracaso financiero / A “naive” barrier option model to predict final distress

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  • Milanesi, Gastón Silverio

Abstract

Asimilar el valor del patrimonio como una opción de compra sobre los activos, permitió desarrollar un conjunto de modelos dinámicos para predecir fracasos financieros empresariales. No obstante, el concepto presenta una debilidad importante: la relación directa y positiva entre valor del capital (prima) con el nivel de la volatilidad del subyacente. El razonamiento anterior indica que a mayor riesgo de la firma mayor debe ser su valor, conduciendo a una lógica inconsistente para estimar probabilidades de fracasos financieros. Las opciones barrera exóticas constituyen un modelo alternativo para predecir dificultades financieras y su estructura se ajusta mejor a la relación valor-volatilidad en las empresas. Partiendo de la literatura existente, el trabajo propone un modelo de opción barrera “operativo”, ya que simplifica la estimación de las variables inobservables: valor y riesgo del activo. El trabajo se organiza de la siguiente manera: primero se desarrollaron formalmente los modelos de opción de compra simple y opción barrera para valorar el patrimonio de la firma y la estimación de probabilidades de fracaso financiero. En un caso hipotético, se propone un ejercicio de sensibilidad sobre volatilidades y plazos. Una aplicación similar se utilizó para estimar el valor del patrimonio y de la probabilidad de dificultades financieras sobre dos firmas de capitales argentinos con diferentes grados de endeudamiento: Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales S.A (YPF) y Aluar S.A (ALUAR), confirmando la consistencia en las relaciones volatilidad-valor-probabilidad de fracasos financieros del modelo propuesto. Finalmente se exponen las principales conclusiones. / To consider capital as a call option over a firm’s assets, has allowed the development of a set of dynamic models to predict corporate financial distress and bankruptcy. Nevertheless, a downside of the above mention assumption derives from the direct and positive relationship between the capital value (prime) and the asset´s underlying volatility. This reasoning implies that the greater the risk of a firm, the larger its value has to be, leading to an inconsistency in the logic used to estimate financial distress and bankruptcy probability. An alternative approach to predict financial distress and banckruptcy is the use of exotic barrier options because its structure fits better the firm´s value–volatily relationship. Based on the existing literature, this paper proposes a “naive” barrier option model, since it simplifies the estimation of the unobservable variables such as: firm asset´s value and risk. This article is structured as follows: first, simple call option and barrier option models were developed in order to estimate the firm´s capital value and the financial distress and bankruptcy probability. Using a hypothetical case, a sensitivity analysis over volatility and time to maturity was carried out. A similar application was used to estimate the firm´s capital value and the financial distress and bankruptcy probability in two Argentinian capital firms, each with a different degree of leverage: Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales S.A (YPF) and Aluar S.A (ALUAR). The analysis confirmed the consistency in the relationship volatility-valuefinancial distress probability of the proposed model. Finally, the main conclusions are drawn.

Suggested Citation

  • Milanesi, Gastón Silverio, 2016. "Un modelo "naive" de opción barrera para la predicción de fracaso financiero / A “naive” barrier option model to predict final distress," Estocástica: finanzas y riesgo, Departamento de Administración de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Azcapotzalco, vol. 6(2), pages 159-186, julio-dic.
  • Handle: RePEc:sfr:efruam:v:6:y:2016:i:2:p:159-186
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    fracasos financieros; opciones reales; opciones barrera; valuación. / financial distress; barrier real options; valuation.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G13 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

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