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Abstract
Целью настоящей статьи является обсуждение роли социалистических идей в развитии экономической мысли. Кратко рассмотрена история социалистической мысли. Выделены основополагающие идеи ученых и публицистов, внесших наибольший вклад в разработку социалистических концепций. В них выявлены общие принципы при огромном разнообразии взглядов авторов таких концепций. Рассмотрена критика социалистических идей в работах представителей альтернативных школ и направлений. Особое внимание уделено дискуссии об осуществимости социализма в период между мировыми войнами. Показано, что критика социализма осуществлялась позиций искажения экономической информации, что делало невозможным экономический расчет при социализме, и с морально-этических позиций. Экономисты социалистического направления отмечали положительное влияние снижения транзакционных издержек и предлагали различные варианты рыночного социализма. Предпринята попытка сформулировать основной вклад социалистических теорий в современную экономическую науку с позиций предмета исследования и понятийного аппарата. The purpose of the present article is to discuss the role the socialist ideas played in the development of economic thoughts. The paper considers a brief history of socialist thought, fundamental ideas of the scientists and publicists who made the greatest contribution to development of socialist concepts; common principles at a huge variety of such concepts; and criticism of socialist ideas made by representatives of alternative schools. A special focus of the paper is the discussion held in the period between the world wars on whether socialism could take place. In the critics’ opinion, socialization of the economy resulted in corrupted economic information which made economic calculations impossible in socialism and abolition of private ownership – in both eliminated freedom of choice and lower economic growth. In response, economists-socialists insisted on positive impacts through lower transactional costs and they proposed different types of market socialism. The author also makes an attempt to formulate what the socialist theories contributed to modern economics from the viewpoint of its research subject and definitions.
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JEL classification:
- B14 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought through 1925 - - - Socialist; Marxist
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