Evolution of cluster forms of organization production in the USA and ЄС

It is shown that the clustering process has changed from the concentration of enterprises on certain territory to get closer to the resource base and related industries to save on transportation costs to associations of production firms and institutions engaged in research and development. Retrospective analysis indicates that the network of strong factors has direct impact. Clusters are mainly regional orientated, and even in such high-tech country like US not all of the States are able to achieve technological leadership in at least one area. The conclusion is made that the evolution of local production systems of cluster type in the European Union occurred in the direction of increasing «critical mass» of clusters, which could influence the competitiveness of individual countries and of EU as a whole. In EU innovations trying to gradually enter dominating status in clusters of all kinds, which leads, ultimately, to changes in the logic and focuses of cluster initiatives. If in the beginning of the thematic block of the cluster was limited to visible objectives, for example, construction or medicine, now we can see that the final goal is to have a prosperous life in the house and healthy ageing. In transatlantic space potential of the cluster systems has found large reserves for the creation of new innovative businesses. They start to be used as platforms for «switching» to other sources of knowledge, the acquisition of new partners and international cooperation.