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Childhood Trauma and Hikikomori in Social Anxiety Disorder: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Distortions

Author

Listed:
  • Mustafa KaraaÄŸaç
  • Betül Bakay
  • Fadime ÅžimÅŸek
  • Fatmanur Çayır Kaya
  • Eda Ferahkaya

Abstract

Background: Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and hikikomori share characteristics of social withdrawal. While childhood trauma is a known risk factor for both conditions, the specific mechanisms linking early trauma to hikikomori through cognitive pathways remain unclear. Aims: This study aimed to compare childhood trauma, cognitive distortions, and hikikomori levels in individuals with and without SAD and to examine the mediating role of cognitive distortions in the relationship between childhood trauma and hikikomori. Methods: A total of 171 participants were included in the study: 78 patients with SAD and 93 healthy controls (HCs). All participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28), Cognitive Distortions Scale (CDS), and 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ-25). Group comparisons were performed using t -tests and chi-square tests. Mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro (Model 4), controlling for age, sex, marital status, education level, and SAD. Results: The SAD group had significantly higher CTQ-28, CDS, and HQ-25 scores than the HCs group ( p  

Suggested Citation

  • Mustafa KaraaÄŸaç & Betül Bakay & Fadime ÅžimÅŸek & Fatmanur Çayır Kaya & Eda Ferahkaya, 2026. "Childhood Trauma and Hikikomori in Social Anxiety Disorder: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Distortions," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 72(4), pages 1045-1055, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:socpsy:v:72:y:2026:i:4:p:1045-1055
    DOI: 10.1177/00207640261438844
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