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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Mental Health Problems Among Internally Displaced Persons In-Transit in Mexico

Author

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  • Ietza Bojorquez
  • Israel Ibarra-González
  • Gabriel Pérez-Duperou
  • Carlos Hernández

Abstract

Background: Little is known about the mental health of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in-transit to their intended destinations. Many Mexican IDPs travel to the Mexico-United States border to apply for asylum, and remain there for weeks or months. Aims: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms among in-transit IDPs in the Mexico-United States border. Method: Cross-sectional, non-probability survey in shelters in Tijuana (September–October 2023). Participants were adult, Mexican IDPs. We evaluated depression and anxiety with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4), and post-traumatic stress symptoms with the Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5). As independent variables, we considered social stratifiers, loss of social networks, time since displacement and in Tijuana, and direct experiences of violence. Results: Among 247 participants, 69% had mild-severe depression and anxiety (50% in heterosexual cis-men, 76% in heterosexual cis-women, and 64% in sex- and gender-diverse persons), and 50% post-traumatic stress symptoms (33% in heterosexual cis-men, 56% in heterosexual cis-women, and 33% in sexually- and gender-diverse persons). Heterosexual cis-women had higher scores than heterosexual cis-men (β = .67, p  

Suggested Citation

  • Ietza Bojorquez & Israel Ibarra-González & Gabriel Pérez-Duperou & Carlos Hernández, 2026. "Prevalence and Associated Factors of Mental Health Problems Among Internally Displaced Persons In-Transit in Mexico," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 72(3), pages 638-646, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:socpsy:v:72:y:2026:i:3:p:638-646
    DOI: 10.1177/00207640251377112
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