Envisioning the Future of Sustainable Transportation in Jakarta: A Study on Perceptions and Influential Factors in Electric Vehicle Adoption

Air pollution in densely populated urban areas such as Jakarta poses significant environmental and public health challenges. A proposed solution is the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), which produce zero emissions during operation. However, public acceptance and adoption are critical to the success of this transition. This study investigates public awareness, willingness to adopt electric vehicles and the factors that influence these attitudes among Jakarta residents. Using a mixed-methods triangulation approach, quantitative data was collected from 920 residents through structured questionnaires, while qualitative insights were gathered from in-depth interviews with 30 current EV owners. Quantitative results revealed high levels of awareness, and 80% of the participants reported being familiar with EVs. However, actual ownership remained low, largely due to concerns about affordability, limited charging infrastructure, and range anxiety. The qualitative findings provided additional context, illustrating how personal experiences and perceptions influenced attitudes. Demographic factors such as age, educational attainment, income level, and housing status emerged as key predictors of positive attitudes towards the adoption of EV. Younger people, those with higher education and income and those living in family-owned homes expressed a greater openness to switching to electric vehicles. Participants also emphasised the importance of strong government support, including financial incentives and infrastructure development, to facilitate greater adoption of electric vehicles. The findings contribute to the fields of environmental psychology, urban sustainability, and technology adoption, providing practical information for policymakers and stakeholders who aim to reduce urban air pollution through cleaner transportation solutions.