Subjective Factors of Healthy Lifestyle: Q-Methodology

Lifestyle of an individual is distinguished from that of others by its reflection of individual values and subjectivity. Therefore, this study attempted to explore recognition type by focusing on individual subjectivity using the Q methodology for health-related lifestyles. Q-Methodology was divided into five stages. Step 1-Q sample collected statements about representative lifestyle behavior; Step 2-P sample recruited 34 study participants to express subjectivity about lifestyle; Step 3-Q sort classified statements according to subjective perspective; Step 4-Q-factor analysis examined the correlation between participants’ responses; and Step 5-factor analysis could be interpreted as a lifestyle factor. Health-related lifestyles were divided into four recognition types that focused on (A) interpersonal and emotional well-being, (B) happiness and daily management, (C) emotional well-being and cultivation, and (D) regular life practice. Individual subjectivity was reflected in all factors, and preferred behavior was interpreted in relation to health. The limitations and directions addressed in previous studies to promote healthy lifestyles were clarified. Lifestyle diversity reflects individual values and subjectivity. Considering the multidimensional nature of health lifestyle perception types emphasizes the need for a tailored approach. This study offers valuable insights for developing community health management strategies and public health policies aimed at improving health and quality of life.