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A Cross-Country Comparison of School-Based Social Capital Effects upon Reading Literacy Based on PISA Data

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  • Hongqiang Liu
  • Jan Van Damme
  • Wim Van Den Noortgate

Abstract

Addressing the gap in cross-cultural understanding of school-based social capital, this study examines its effects on student reading literacy across 14 economies using PISA 2009 data, selected for Parent Questionnaire availability. A two-stage analysis involved country-specific two-level hierarchical linear models (HLM) controlling for demographics, followed by meta-analysis to assess effect heterogeneity and overall patterns for indicators like teacher-student relationships and disciplinary climate. Results show school-based social capital significantly predicts reading achievement beyond demographics, but its net explanatory power (1%–7.8% variance) and the effects of specific predictors vary significantly across countries (heterogeneity p  

Suggested Citation

  • Hongqiang Liu & Jan Van Damme & Wim Van Den Noortgate, 2025. "A Cross-Country Comparison of School-Based Social Capital Effects upon Reading Literacy Based on PISA Data," SAGE Open, , vol. 15(3), pages 21582440251, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:15:y:2025:i:3:p:21582440251365699
    DOI: 10.1177/21582440251365699
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