Promoting Health and Well-being in Lives of People Living with HIV and AIDS

The highly effective pharmaceutical polytherapies for the treatment of HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) and AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome) have practically reduced HIV and AIDS to a chronic condition like any other chronic illness. People living with HIV and AIDS can now have an almost normal life expectancy; the challenge for them is to live a physically and mentally healthy life. These challenges involve avoiding and managing opportunistic infections physically on one hand and taking care of their mental health needs and promoting and sustaining psycho-social well-being on the other hand. Although a torrent of research has studied the psychosocial correlates of slower disease progression and psycho-social well-being among people living with HIV and AIDS, very few sustained approaches have been made to understand and isolate the contribution of different psycho-bio-behavioural parameters for the psycho-immuno-enhancement in people living with HIV and AIDS. Systematic search in different electronic databases as well as different relevant psychological and AIDS care journals have been done to assimilate and review the research studying the effect of different psycho-social, bio-behavioural interventions through randomised control trials on the health promotion, well-being and disease progression parameters in people living with HIV and AIDS. The article makes an attempt to synchronise and consolidate these research efforts, discussing the role of cognitive behavioural stress management, exercise, spiritual practices, hypnosis, relaxation and guided imagery, social support for the psycho-immuno-enhancement in lives of people living with HIV and AIDS, and suggests a comprehensive three-tier intervention model, consisting of intervention at individual, dyadic and community levels, for psychological and immunological improvement in lives of people living with HIV and AIDS.